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Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal (JFSTN): At a Glance
Nawa Raj Dahal,Ganesh Dawadi
Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal , 2010, DOI: 10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8274
Abstract: Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal (JFSTN) is one of the major publications of Nepal Food Scientists and Technologists (NEFOSTA). In the history of its 25 years from its formation in 1984, JFSTN had begun to publish from twenty years of age and at this moment; five issues of JFSTN (Volume 1, 2005 to Volume 5, 2009 as an annual basis) have been published. JFSTN includes five different types of papers i.e. Review articles, Research papers, Research notes, View points and Short Communications. Altogether one hundred and one articles of different types (Review articles 28, Research papers 48, Research notes 23, viewpoint 1 and short communication 1) are published in these five issues of JFSTN (12, 27, 20, 17 and 25 at issue 1 to 5 respectively). This article wishes to explore the information about the status and significance of JFSTN for the development of Food Technology Profession in Nepal. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (122-129), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8274
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using Solar Energy - A Brief Review  [PDF]
Ibram Ganesh
Materials Sciences and Applications (MSA) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/msa.2011.210190
Abstract: This article presents a meticulous and comprehensive review of literature reported on conversion of carbon dioxide, a green house gas into methanol or to any other value added chemical following various routes including catalytic, thermal, biological, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC). More emphasis is given on conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol using solar energy (i.e., artificial photosynthesis) as this process can tackle the human generated two pressing problems, i.e., “global warming” and “energy crisis” today world is facing. It also covers information on various materials required for designing and development of reliable PEC cells for conversion of carbon dioxide to more value added chemicals including methanol. Finally, it also provides the scope for the future research on this topic with adequate literature support.
Synthesis and Use of Stable Isotope Enriched Retinals in the Field of Vitamin A
Prativa B.S. Dawadi,Johan Lugtenburg
Molecules , 2010, DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031825
Abstract: The role of vitamin A and its metabolites in the life processes starting with the historical background and its up to date information is discussed in the introduction. Also the role of 11Z-retinal in vision and retinoic acid in the biological processes is elucidated. The essential role of isotopically enriched systems in the progress of vision research, nutrition research etc. is discussed. In part B industrial commercial syntheses of vitamin A by the two leading companies Hoffmann-La Roche (now DSM) and BASF are discussed. The knowledge obtained via these pioneering syntheses has been essential for the further synthetic efforts in vitamin A field by other scientific groups. The rest of the paper is devoted to the synthetic efforts of the Leiden group that gives an access to the preparation of site directed high level isotope enrichment in retinals. First the synthesis of the retinals with deuterium incorporation in the conjugated side chain is reviewed. Then, 13C-labeled retinals are discussed. This is followed by the discussion of a convergent synthetic scheme that allows a rational access to prepare any isotopomer of retinals. The schemes that provide access to prepare any possible isotope enriched chemically modified systems are discussed. Finally, nor-retinals and bridged retinals that give access to a whole (as yet incomplete) library of possible isotopomers are reviewed.
Access to Any Site Directed Stable Isotope (2H, 13C, 15N, 17O and 18O) in Genetically Encoded Amino Acids
Prativa B. S. Dawadi,Johan Lugtenburg
Molecules , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010482
Abstract: Proteins and peptides play a preeminent role in the processes of living cells. The only way to study structure-function relationships of a protein at the atomic level without any perturbation is by using non-invasive isotope sensitive techniques with site-directed stable isotope incorporation at a predetermined amino acid residue in the protein chain. The method can be extended to study the protein chain tagged with stable isotope enriched amino acid residues at any position or combinations of positions in the system. In order to access these studies synthetic methods to prepare any possible isotopologue and isotopomer of the 22 genetically encoded amino acids have to be available. In this paper the synthetic schemes and the stable isotope enriched building blocks that are available via commercially available stable isotope enriched starting materials are described.
Factors Associated with Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Community of Central Nepal
Bhatta, Aarati Sharma,Dawadi, Pratima,Shakya, Jayalaxmi
- , 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8305304
Abstract: Background. Pregnancy and postpartum are considered as high risk periods for the emergence of psychiatric disorder. Although postpartum depressive symptoms have been associated with tragic outcome, such as maternal suicide and infanticide, it is a neglected area of mental health care in developing countries. This study was conducted to find the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Method. A community-based cross-sectional research design was carried out after selecting the three wards of Bharatpur submetropolitan by nonprobability purposive sampling method. A total of 160 mothers in their 1 month to 12 months of postpartum period were interviewed through semistructured interview schedule and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Collected data were entered in Epi, data 3.1, and was exported into IBM SPSS 20 version. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers was 27.5%. The multivariate analysis identified two factors significantly associated with postpartum depression including respondents who had education level of ≤10 class (odds ratio , , confidence interval ), chronic disease in their family (odds ratio , , confidence interval ). Conclusion. More than one out of four mothers is suffering from depressive symptoms. The major factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms are education of respondents and chronic disease in the family. Screening and timely management of depressive symptoms should be incorporated in routine maternal care so as to enhance maternal and child health. Likewise, concerned authority should plan and organize awareness-raising programs and provide attractive package to attract the female population for higher education
8 MeV Electron Induced Changes in Structural and Thermal Properties of Lexan Polycarbonate  [PDF]
K. Hareesh, Ganesh Sanjeev
Materials Sciences and Applications (MSA) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/msa.2011.211224
Abstract: Lexan polycarbonate films were irradiated by 8MeV electron beam at different fluences and characterized using X-ray Diffractogram (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The structural parameters such as degree of crystallinity and crystallite size were found to decrease after irradiation due to chain-scission. he UV-Visible spectroscopic study show the formation of chromophore groups upon irradiation and was reduced at larger wavelength. FTIR Study shows the carbonate linkage was found to be the radiation-sensitive linkage and benzene ring does not undergo any changes after irradiation. The DSC studies showed a decrease in glass transition temperature and heat of fusion after irradiation due to chain-scission which indicates polymer was moving towards more disordered state. Thermal decomposition temperature of Lexan polycarbonate increases upon irradiation.
A Modified Combined Approach Framework of Climate Impact and Adaptation Assessment for Water Resource Systems Based on Experience Derived from Different Adaptation Studies in the Context of Climate Change  [PDF]
Ganesh D. Kale
Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.512129
Abstract:

Warming of climate system is undisputed as evident from observations of increasing average temperatures of air and ocean, large scale melting of ice and increasing global average sea levels. The effect of climate change directly impacts society through the chain of climate-hydrology-water-water resources systems-society. Adaptation and mitigation are the two ways of society to respond the changes in climate. Adaptations may be reactive, anticipatory, autonomous, planned, compliment and substitute type. The adaptations are carried out with the help of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment. The guidelines are subjective or objective. Objective guidelines are step by step procedures to arrive at proper adaptation measures while subjective guidelines are step by step adaptation measures given on the basis of study of area, problem at hand and prerequisites for the adaptation. Many objective guidelines of climate impact and adaptation assessment are given. These objective guidelines can be classified into two approaches: hazard based approach and vulnerability based approach. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, so combined approach with more focus on vulnerability was suggested as the best. In this study based on the lessons learned from the adaptation case studies across the world, the combined approach framework is modified to get modified combined approach framework of guidelines for climate impact and adaptation assessment by adding the components related: 1) explicit mentioning of stakeholders 2) revision, modification and communication of adaptation actions.

Joint User-Association and Resource-Allocation in Virtualized Wireless Networks
Saeedeh Parsaeefard,Rajesh Dawadi,Mahsa Derakhshani,Tho Le-Ngoc
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: In this paper, we consider a down-link transmission of multicell virtualized wireless networks (VWNs) where users of different service providers (slices) within a specific region are served by a set of base stations (BSs) through orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In particular, we develop a joint BS assignment, sub-carrier and power allocation algorithm to maximize the network throughput, while satisfying the minimum required rate of each slice. Under the assumption that each user at each transmission instance can connect to no more than one BS, we introduce the user-association factor (UAF) to represent the joint sub-carrier and BS assignment as the optimization variable vector in the mathematical problem formulation. Sub-carrier reuse is allowed in different cells, but not within one cell. As the proposed optimization problem is inherently non-convex and NP-hard, by applying the successive convex approximation (SCA) and complementary geometric programming (CGP), we develop an efficient two-step iterative approach with low computational complexity to solve the proposed problem. For a given power-allocation, Step 1 derives the optimum userassociation and subsequently, for an obtained user-association, Step 2 find the optimum power-allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed iterative algorithm outperforms the traditional approach in which each user is assigned to the BS with the largest average value of signal strength, and then, joint sub-carrier and power allocation is obtained for the assigned users of each cell. Especially, for the cell-edge users, simulation results reveal a coverage improvement up to 57% and 71% for uniform and non-uniform users distribution, respectively leading to more reliable transmission and higher spectrum efficiency for VWN.
Finite element modelling of the pull-apart formation: implication for tectonics of Bengo Co pull-apart basin, southern Tibet  [PDF]
Ganesh Raj Joshi, Daigoro Hayashi
Natural Science (NS) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.26082
Abstract: The tectonic deformation and state of stress are significant parameters to understand the active structure, seismic phenomenon and overall ongoing geodynamic condition of any region. In this paper, we have examined the state of stress and crustal deformation during the formation of the Beng Co pull-apart basins produced by an enéchelon strike-slip fault systems using 2D Finite Element Modelling (FEM) under plane stress condition. The numerical modelling technique used for the experiments is based on FEM which enables us to analyze the static behavior of a real and continues structures. We have used three sets of models to explore how the geometry of model (fault overlap and pre-existing weak shear zone) and applied boundary conditions (pure strike-slip, transpressional and transtensional) influence the development of state of stress and deformation during the formation of pull-apart basins. Modelling results presented here are based on five parameters: 1) distribution, orienttation, and magnitude of maximum (σH max) and minimum (σH max) horizontal compressive stress 2) magnitude and orientation of displacement vectors 3) distribution and concentration of strain 4) distribution of fault type and 5) distribution and concentration of maximum shear stress (σH max) contours. The modelling results demonstrate that the deformation pattern of the en-échelon strike-slip pull-apart formation is mainly dependent on the applied boundary conditions and amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults. When the amount of overlap of the two master strike-slip faults increases, the surface deformation gets wider and longer but when the overlap between two master strike-slip faults is zero, block rotation observed significantly, and only narrow and small surface deform ation obtained. These results imply that overlap between two master strike-slip faults is a significant factor in controlling the shape, size and morphology of the pull-apart basin formation. Results of numerical modelling further show that the pattern of the distribution of maximum shear stress (τmax) contours are prominently depend on the amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults and applied boundary conditions. In case of more overlap between two masters strike-slip faults, τ max mainly concentrated at two corners of the master faults and that reduces and finally reaches zero at the centre of the pull-apart basin, whereas in case of no overlap, τmax largely concentrated at two corners and tips of the master strike-slip faults. These results imply that the distribution and
Development of extensional stresses in the compressional setting of the Himalayan thrust wedge: inference from numerical modelling  [PDF]
Ganesh Raj Joshi, Daigoro Hayashi
Natural Science (NS) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.27083
Abstract: The estimation of contemporary tectonic stress field and deformation in active fold-and-thrust belts are imperative in identifying active geodynamics and resulting faulting phenomenon. In this paper, we focus on contemporary extensional tectonics in the overall compressive setting of the Himalayan orogen. Here we examine the regional tectonic stress field and upper crustal deformation in the Himalayan thrust wedge using a 2D finite element technique, incorporating elastic rheology under plain strain condition. The elastic models demonstrate that the extensional tectonic stress and related nor- mal faulting is extensively developed in the southern front of the Himalaya at shallow crustal level (< 10 km in depth). Our modelling shows a good consistency with the geological field evidences of active faulting, focal mechanism solutions of medium size earthquakes in the several sectors of the Himalaya. Results based on numerical simulation, tectonic analysis and taking geological and geophysical data into account, we interpret that the present-day extensional tectonic activity is not restricted in the southern Tibet but distributed in the different sectors of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt co-exist with compressional structures. Modelling results also indicate that the nature, distribution and orientation of the maximum compressive stress (?1) of the Himalaya are mainly controlled by the intra crustal Main Himalayan décollement (MHT). The significant amount of shear stress/strain concentration along the MHT in the western Nepal predict that the region is prone to moderate and great future earthquakes.
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